Obligations of the party who occupying the territory of another country, according to the Geneva Convention

The Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, also known as the Fourth Geneva Convention, sets out the obligations of a party occupying the territory of another country. The main obligations are:

1. Respect for the laws in force in the occupied territory: The occupying power must respect the laws and regulations in force in the occupied territory.

2. Non-discrimination: The occupying power must ensure that all individuals in the occupied territory are treated without any adverse distinction based on race, religion, or political opinion.

3. Protection of civilians: The occupying power must protect the civilian population and ensure their welfare, including medical care, food, and clothing. It must also ensure that they have access to education, religion, and culture.

4. Property protection: The occupying power must respect private property in the occupied territory and must not confiscate or destroy it.

5. Prohibition of forced transfers: The occupying power must not forcibly transfer or deport individuals from the occupied territory to another territory, except in cases of necessity for the security of the population or imperative military reasons.

6. Humane treatment of prisoners of war and detainees: The occupying power must treat all prisoners of war and detainees humanely, in accordance with international law.

7. Respect for the judicial system: The occupying power must respect the judicial system of the occupied territory, including the rights of the accused.

8. Respect for cultural property: The occupying power must respect cultural property and not engage in any acts of hostility directed against such property.

These obligations are designed to ensure the protection of civilians and their rights in a situation of armed conflict and occupation, and to prevent the mistreatment and abuse of civilians and prisoners of war.